What is a GFCI Outlet?
A GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter) outlet is a type of outlet designed to protect individuals from electrical shock in wet or damp areas, such as bathrooms, kitchens,
How does a GFCI work?
GFCI outlets work by constantly monitoring the flow of electricity in a circuit and shut off power if a ground fault is detected. GFCI outlets are engineered to trip quickly, typically within 1/10 of a second, fast enough to prevent a harmful shock, fire or damage to electrical equipment.
- A trip can occur when an electrical current escapes its intended path and flows to the ground, typically through an unintended conductor.
- It can happen when a wire is damaged, exposed, or wet, and contacts a metal object or the ground, causing a fault current.
Why Install GFCI Outlets
GFCI outlets should be installed in any room or space where there is a risk of electrical shock from contact with water. This includes bathrooms, kitchens, garages, basements, laundry rooms, and all exterior outlets.
Electricity flows in a loop - a complete circuit back to the power source. Water, especially tap water, is a relatively good conductor of electricity. This means electrical current can easily flow through it, and since electricity will always take the path of least resistance to return to its source, if there's a fault in an electrical system or appliance near water (i.e., a damaged wire or a leak in a metal casing), electricity can leak into the water and then flow into you when you touch the water.
National Electrical Code Required GFCI Protection
Per the National Electrical Code (NEC), GFCI protection is required for all receptacles installed in kitchens. Traditionally, this requirement applied only to kitchen countertop receptacles, but now any cord-and-plug connection points in the kitchen (such as refrigerator receptacles, disposal receptacles and microwave receptacles) now require GFCI protection. GFCI protection is also required on branch circuits or outlets for electric ranges, wall-mounted ovens, counter-mounted cooking units, microwave ovens as well as clothes dryers.
Installing a GFCI Outlet
Replacing a standard outlet with a GFCI outlet is a relatively easy project for many homeowners. However, it's important to prioritize safety by turning off the power before installation, following the instructions carefully, and verifying the installation with a tester. If you're unsure about any part of the process, it's always recommended to consult with a qualified electrician.
Keep in mind that it’s not necessary to install a GFCI in place of every AC outlet. To protect a series of outlets, you need only install a GFCI outlet in the outlet that receives power directly from the breaker panel and then distributes it to the other outlets.
Since GFCIs have been mandated, there has been a significant drop in home electrocutions. Fatalities dropped from 1,000 annually to around 100 per year. Rely on these tried-and-tested outlets to protect you and your family from harmful, and even fatal, electric shock.
